TK 3205 

No. 3, ,S4 Price, 25 cts. 

-1904 

c,v 1 .ectrical 

Circuits and Diagrams 

ILLUSTRATED AND EXPLAINED. 


New and Original Drawings, comprising Alarms, Annunciators, 
Automobiles, Bells, Dynamos, Gas Lighting, Motors, 
Storage Batteries, Street Railways, Telephone, 

Telegraph, Wireless Telegraphy, 

Wiring and Testing. 

BY 


NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER, 



V 0 0 

































































AMERICAN LIBRARY EDITION 

OF 

Workshop 



The Most Complete Technical Encyclopaedia In 5 Volumes. 


IN HANDSOME CLOTH COVERED BOX. 


Price, $io.oo 


f ; 


17«| | Principal Contents.— Bronzes, Cements, Dyeing, Electrometal- 

Y ill. 1. lurgy, Enamels, Etchings, Fireworks Fluxes, Fulminates, Gilding 
Gums, Japanning, Lacquers, Marble Working. Nitro-Glycerine, Photography, 
Pottery, Varnishes. 420 pages, 108 illustrations, index. 


Vfl! If Principal Contents. — Acidimetrv, Albumen Alcohol, Alkaloids, 
’ Oj. 11. Bitters. Bleaching, Boiler Incrustations, Cleansing Confection¬ 
ery, Copying, Disinfectants, Essences Extracts, Fire-proofing, Glycerine. Gut, 
Iodine. Ivory Substitutes, Leather, Matches, Pigments. Paint, Paper. Parch¬ 
ment 1 . 485 pages, 16 illustrations, index. 


Vol. Ill 


Principal Contents. - Alloys. Aluminium, Antimony. Copper, 
Electrics, Enamels Glass Gold Iron and Steel, Liquors Lead, 
Lubricants, Magnesium, Manganese, Mercury. Mica, Nickel, Platinum, Silver, 
Slag, Tin, Uranium, .Zinc. 48o pages, 183 illustrations, index. 


Y/rf-vS |VT Principal Contents.—Water-procfing, Packing and Stowing. 
vl.fl. I Y . Embalming and Preserving, Leather Polishes, Cooling Air and 
Water, Pumps and Siphons, Dessicating, Distilling. Emulsifying. Evaporating, 
Filtering, Percolating and Macerating Electrotvping, Stereotyping, Book¬ 
binding Str iw-plaiting. Musical InstrumentsPClock and Watch’ Mending, 
Photography. 443 pages, 24 5 illustrations index. 


Vnl V Principal Contents. 

Y "1. Y . Pnnvinv Edteririir 


Percolation 
Tackle 
373 illustrations, index. 


Diamond Cutting, Laboratory Apparatus, 
gHA ~’ork, 

icing, 
pages. 









Electrical 


Circuits and Diagrams. 

ILLUSTRATED AND EXPLAINED. 


New and Original Drawings Comprising Alarms, Annun¬ 
ciators, Automobiles, Bells, Dynamos, Gas Lighting, 
Motors, Storage Batteries, Street Railways, 
Telephone, Telegraph, Wireless Teleg¬ 
raphy, Wiring and Testing. 

BY 

NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER, 

w 

AUTHOR OF 

** Induction Coils and Coil Making,” “ Care and Handling 
of Electric Plants,” “ Electric Gas Lighting,” &c. 


NEW YORK! 

SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 Liberty St. 

LONDON! 

E. & F. N. SPON, Limited, 57 Haymarket, S. W. 
1904. 



LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

DEC 3 1904 

Copyright Entry 

7U^. ?■ ><io^ 

CLASS O' XXc, Noi 
/O f f t(o 
COPY B. 



Copyright, 1904, at Washington, D. C. 
By Spon & Chamberlain. 


Entered at Stationers' Hall. 




Press of Mcllroy & Emmet, 22 Thames Street, New York City. 


7-J7?? 









3 


BELLS, ANNUNCIATORS AND ALARMS. 

Figure. 

1 Electric bell, push and battery, metallic 

circuit. 

2 Electric bell circuit with ground return. 

3 Three pushes controlling one bell. 

4 Two bells in series, one is connected for 

single stroke. 

5 Two bells in multiple. 

6 Circuit of vibrating bell. 

7 Circuit of single stroke bell. 

8 Circuit of shunt, or short circuit bell. 

9 Three point push and two bells, only distant 

bell rings. 

10 Two bells and pushes, one battery, both bells 

ring. 

11 Two bells and pushes, two batteries, both bells 

ring. 

12 Two bells and pushes, one battery, three-wire 

circuit. 

13 Annunciator circuit with common return. 

14 Separate annunciator on each floor, one an¬ 

nunciator in office to indicate number of 
floor calling. 

15 Annunciator call from room and fire call from 

office. 

16 Burglar alarm on closed circuit with special 

bell connections. 

17 Burglar alarm on closed circuit with relay and 

two batteries. 

18 to 27 left for future additions. 


4 


BELLS, ANNUNCIATORS AND ALARMS. 










FIG.6 


FIG.7 






















































































































































































































BELLS, ANNUNCIATORS AND ALARMS. 


5 












































































































































BELLS, ANNUNCIATORS AND ALARMS. 




FIG.14 









































































































































































































































BELLS, ANNUNCIATORS AND ALARMS. 





























































































































































































8 


TELEPHONES. 


Figure. 

28 Solid back transmitter, induction coil and 

battery. 

29 Blake transmitter primary circuit. 

30 Two transmitters and receivers on one line. 

31 Telephone and bridging magneto bell. 

32 Telephone and magneto bell circuit. 

33 Grounded circuit. to metallic circuit through 

repeating coil. 

34 Calling and talking circuit of telephone with 

battery bell. 

35 Common battery subscribers set with switch¬ 

board jack circuit for two subscribers. 
Battery and retardation coils. 

36 Intercommunicating or speaking tube system. 

37 Intercommunicating set with common sig¬ 

nalling battery. 

38 to 45 left for future additions. 


TELEPHONES 


9 



FIG. 30 
















































10 \ 


TELEPHONES 




L 


I 






















































































































TELEPHONES 


11 


















































































































































12 


TELEPHONES. 




FIG.36 




































































































































































TELEPHONES. 


13 



i 






















































































































14 


AUTOMOBILES. 

Figure. 

46 Sparking circuit, jump spark, DeDion system. 

47 Sparking circuit, jump spark, general system. 

48 Sparking circuit and relay cutting out bat¬ 

tery when generator is working. 

49 Spark gap and intensifier connections. 

50 Electric automobile, one motor, first arrange¬ 

ment of battery by controller when starting. 

51 Electric automobile, one motor, second ar¬ 

rangement of battery by controller, ( slow 
speed. 

52 Electric automobile, one motor, third ar¬ 

rangement of battery by controller, full 
speed. 

53 Electric automobile, two motors, controller at 

starting position. 

54 Electric automobile, two motors, controller at 

slow speed position. 

55 Electric automobile, two motors, controller at 

full speed position. 

56 to 64 left for future additions. 


AUTOMOBILES 


15 





















































































































































































































16 


AUTOMOBILES 

































































































































































































































































AUTOMOBILES 


17 


A A 





CM 

in 

<3 

u. 









in 

d 









/ 
























































































































































































































































AUTOMOBILES. 



FIG.53 FIG. 54 FIG.55 



































































































































































































































































































































































19 


WIRING AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. 

Figure. 

65 Wiring loop to ensure equal e.m.f. at lamps. 

66 

67 “ “ “ “ “ “ * 

68 Three-wire system showing two ways of 

branching. 

69 Loop feed improperly placed; should be at 

centre. 

70 One lamp controlled from two points. 

71 One lamp controlled from three points. 

72 One lamp controlled from five points. 

73 One lamp controlled from two points, second 

method. 

74 Series system. 

75 Multiple system. 

76 Series Multiple system. 

77 Three-wire system with three brush dynamo. 

78 Three-wire system with two dynamos. 

79 Three-wire system with one dynamo. 

80 Three-wire system with one dynamo and 

storage batteries. 

81 Three-wire system to two wire system. 

82 Breakdown switch, giving either three-wire 

street service or two-wire isolated plant 
connection. 

83 to 91 left for future additions. 


20 


WIRING AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. 


OOP 5 


FIG.65' 





FIG.69 




















































WIRING AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. 


21 





FIG.72 



FIG.73 




























































22 


WIRING AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. 




FIG.78 




I 


1 


I 


I 


FIG.79 



































WIRING AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. 


23 




FIG.82 









































































































24 


GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 

Figure. 

92 Connections of a Ruhmkorff coil. 

93 Connections of secondary coil winding in 

Ruhmkorff coil. 

94 Polechanging switch. 

95 One automatic burner and two double pushes. 

96 One automatic burner and one double push. 

97 Section of house showing wiring for gas 

lighting. 

98 Diagram of jump-spark system 

99 Jump spark system and section switch. 

100 Wiring and connections of Pendent burner. 

101 Section switch for controlling lighting circuits. 

102 Wiring and connections for one automatic 

burner and two Pendent burners. 

103 to 110 left for future additions. 


GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 


25 


~Ov~0 



FIG. 92 


. • • 

« 1 1 
u : 



n 1 

:! 

r 

e£ 

< 

. 93 

— y 

* ,'uil 

• i 1/2' 

« i ' 

u i 

a 

P- 

FIG 

n • 

> i i 
! 





FIG. 94. 






















































































































26 GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 



FIG. 95 



FIG. 96 


A-LiVSL 0_L 







































GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 


27 



FiG. 97 























































































































GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 



FIG. 99 


0 6 














































































GAS LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY. 


29 




FIG. 102 























































































30 


DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 

Figure. 

111 Series dynamo circuit. 

112 Shunt dynamo circuit. 

113 Compound dynamo circuits showing shunt 

for adjustment of compounding. 

114 Compound dynamo showing short circuiting 

switch to cut out series coils and transform 
dynamo into shunt connected. 

115 Diagram of ring armature. 

116 Diagram of wave winding on armature. 

117 Diagram of lap winding on armature. 

118 Two compound wound dynamos in multiple 

without equalizer. 

119 Two shunt wound dynamos in multiple. 

120 Equalizer connections, first method. 

121 Equalizer connections, second method. 




DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 


31 




FIG. 112 








































































DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 



FIG.113 




- 



FIG. 114 










































































DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 


33 



FIG. 115 




FIG. 116 


FIG. 117 










































































-34 


DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 



FIG.118 


































































































DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 


35 




















































































36 


DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 






<♦ 





o 

CM 

d 
















































DYNAMO CIRCUITS. 


37 



\ 


FIG. 121 



















































38 


ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

Figure. 

122 Diagram of Weston voltmeter with key. 

123 Diagram of Weston ammeter showing de¬ 

tached shunt in bus bars. 

124 Voltmeter switch in plan showing generator,. 

bus bar and ground test connections. 

125 Voltmeter switch, side view. 

126 Connections of series ammeter. 

127 Connections of shunt ammeter. 

128 Connections of voltmeter for measuring 

voltage of circuit. 

129 Connections of voltmeter for measuring' 

drop, or loss of volts in lamp. 

130 Connections of voltmeter for measuring 

drop, or loss of volts in a part of a circuit. 

131 Lamp ground detector, each lamp for full 

voltage of circuit but connected in series and 
to ground. 

132 Ground test with voltmeter. 

133 Wattmeter connections. 

134 Wattmeter connections. 

135 Wattmeter connections on three-wire systems. 


/ 



ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 


39 





FIG. 122 


<r 


I 






FIG. 123 










































































40 


ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 






















































ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 


41 






































































42 


ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 




FIG. 126 FIG. 127 




FIO. 128 FIG. 129 


FIG. 130 



FIG. 131 



FIG. 132 













































































ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 


43. 





FIG.135 

























































































































44 


MOTORS. 


Figure. 

136 Starting box connections for shunt motor. 

137 Series motor in multiple, first method. 

138 Series motor in mulitple, second method. 

139 Reversing controller connections for series 

motor. 

140 Reversing controller connections for shunt 

or compound motor. 

141 Multivolt motor control. 

142 Motor control by series generator, armatures 

on same shaft. 

143 Motor control by auxiliary armature on same 

shaft furnishing current for both fields. 

144 Ward Leonard system of motor control. 


MOTORS. 


45 



FIG. 136 














































MOTORS. 





FIG.138 




FIG.139 









































































































































































































































































48 


MOTORS. 





FIG.144 




























































































































































































































49 


STREET RAILWAY. 

Figure. 

145 Trolley car, motor control, starting, both 

motors in series, all resistance in circuit. 

146 Trolley car motor control, part resistance cut 

out. 

147 Trolley car motor control, more resistance 

cut out. 

148 Trolley car motor control, more resistance 

cut out. 

149 Trolley car motor control, all resistance cut 

out. 

150 Trolley car motor control, some resistance 

cut in before throwing motors in multiple. 

151 Trolley car motor control, one motor shunted. 

152 Trolley car motor control, one motor cut out. 

153 Trolley car motor control, both motors in 

multiple, generally accomplished, however, 
as in next figure. 

154 Trolley car motor control, resistance being 

cut out. 

155 Trolley car motor control, more resistance 

being cut out. 

156 Trolley car motor control, all resistance being 

cut out, motors at full speed. 

157 Booster on street railway circuit shunt motor 

and series generator, armatures on same 
shaft. 

158 Booster on street railway circuit, exciter for 

generator field, all armatures on same shaft. 

159 Street railway circuit showing station gener¬ 

ator and car motors, latter at start. 

160 Generator and car motors, latter full speed. 

161 Balancers on three-wire system. 

162 to 170 left for future additions. 


50 


STREET RAILWAY. 












































































































STREET RAILWAY. 


51 


















































































































































52 


STREET RAILWAY. 







FIG.160 







































































































































53 


STORAGE BATTERY. 

' figure. 

171 Booster, shunt motor and shunt booster, 

armatures on same shaft. 

172 Booster, shunt motor and shunt booster, 

armatures on same shaft, second arrange¬ 
ment of field circuit. 

173 Booster, shunt motor and series booster, 

armatures on same shaft. 

174 Shunt motor and differential booster, arma¬ 

tures on same shaft. 

175 Siemens Halske booster circuit exciter con¬ 

trolled booster and shunt motor, armatures 
on same shaft. 

176 Plan of rectifier used generally to charge 

storage battery from alternating current; 
suppresses one half of wave by valve action 
of aluminum plate A which is covered by 
high resisting film of hydrogen upon passage 
of positive current. 

177 Rectifier diagram, P platinum plate, A 

aluminum plate, current flows. 

178 Rectifier diagram, no current flows. 

179 Diagram showing connections to charge small 

storage battery by means of lamp bank. 

180 Storage battery and switchboard circuit show¬ 

ing switches to obtain light from either 
battery or dynamo. 


54 


181 Storage battery switchboard showing instru¬ 

ments, overload O, underload U, end cell 
switch, charge arm C, discharge arm N, 
generator G. 

182 Charging small battery at L with rheostat R to 

reduce current, overload at 0, ammeter at A . 

183 Cadmium test of storage battery; cadmium 

is either negative or positive to battery 
plates according to state of charge. (See 
Schneider on “Power Plants” for details.) 

184 Switchboard permitting the charging of a 

large battery in two halves and the dis¬ 
charging of same in series. 

185 Simple storage battery switchboard. 

1.86 Exchange board built by author to permit 
many combinations of dynamos and circuits 
where dynamos were not capable of multi¬ 
ple operation. 

187 to 195 left for future additions. 


STORAGE BATTERY. 


55 




[ 

M 

k <! 

j 

) c 

) c 

) 6 


1 S 

) c 

<1 

) r 

) 

/ 






# 














































































































































































































56 


STORAGE BATTERY 





FIG.176 































































































STORAGE BATTERY. 


57 



S 









































































58 


STORAGE BATTERY 



FIG 182 





















































































































• ■ • 

. 

STORAGE BATTERY. 59 

r — --- 

■ 









s 

1 

$ 











FIG. 183 

) 



FIG. 184 























































































60 


STORAGE BATTERY. 



FIG. 185 















































STORAGE BATTERY. 


61 















































































62 



TESTING. 

Figure. 

196 Measurement of resistance by drop or less 
of voltage method. Ammeter A in series 
with battery B or source of current and 
resistance R to be measured, voltmeter V 


197 


across ends of R. 


Ohms law R 


E 

C 



//■ 


Measurement of drop, or hot resistance of 
lamp L. Ammeter A' gives current, volt¬ 


meter V the e.m.f., by ohms law R — —. 

o 


For drop or loss of voltage read V direct. 

198 Measurement of high resistance by voltmeter 

V of known resistance. Voltage read with 
switch arm to left equals V. v with switch to 
right V 2 . Then resistance of R = X 
resistance of voltmeter divided by V 2 minus 
resistance of voltmeter. 

199 Wheatstone Bridge, kite or lozenge diagram. 

200 Post-office bridge and reflecting galvano¬ 

meter with connections. 

201 Testing cable with galvanometer, shunt, 

battery reversing key and commutator for 
battery and ground. 

202 Vacuum test for incandescent lamp; lamp is 

held' against terminal of induction coil, if 
no glow appears vacuum is good. 


03 

2p3 Photometer diagram, 5 standard lamp, L 
lamp being tested, M M mirrors, G screen, 

d 2 

E eye. 5 xd 2 = Lx D 2 , L = g- 2 X 5 in c-p. 

204 Electrical, connections for same circuit method 

of lamp testing. 

205 Testing distribution of field flux by e.m.f. 

around commutator. 

206 Testing distribution of field flux by e.m.f. 

around commutator, second method. 

207 Testing insulation of armature, operation 

similar to test as in Fig. 198. 



64 


TESTING. 



FIG.196 




R 


HQ 



























































TESTING. 


65 





































































































66 


TESTING 



. ^-o-> I <- d -> ! 

» * 

~-6 


FIS. 203 




L.of C. 




























































TESTING 


67 





FIG. 207 








































68 


TELEGRAPH. 

Figure. 

208 Circuit of Morse telegraph sounders, keys and 

battery. 

209 Relay circuit of two telegraph instruments 

showing main and local battery. 

210 Morse telegraph alphabet. 


WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 

Figure. 

211 Circuit of wireless telegraph transmitter. 

212 Circuit of wireless telegraph transmitter dis¬ 

charger. Hertz form. 

213 Wireless telegraph receiver showing coherer 

C, non-inductive resistances M, N. 

214 Circuit of DeForest receiver, one form. 

215 Circuit of Marconi transmitter. 

216 Circuit of Marconi receiver. 

217 Circuit of DeForest needle anti-coherer. 



TELEGRAPH 


69 














































































































FIG. 212 

































































































































































71 






WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 



& 


L.B. 


FIG. 213 




FIG.214 

























































































































72 


WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY 


\ 





I 










































































































































BOOKS 


ELECTRICITY. The study of, and its laws for beginners, com¬ 
prising the la'ws of electric current generation and flow, Ohms law, 
galvanism, magnetism, induction, principles of dynamos and mo¬ 
tors, wiring, with explanations of simple mathematics as applied 
to electrical calculation. By N. H. Schneider. With' 55 original 
illustrations and 6 tables. 


DRY BATTERIES. A practical handbook on the designing, 
filling and finishing of dry batteries, with tables, for automobile, 
gas engine, medical and coil work, electric bells, alarms, telephones, 
experiments and all purposes requiring a first rate battery. Fully 
illustrated with 30 original drawings. 

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND DIAGRAMS. Being a selection 
of original up-to-date and practical diagrams for installing annun¬ 
ciators, alarms, bells, electric gas lighting, telephones, electric 
power light and wiring circuits, induction coils, gas engine igniters, 
dynamos and motors, armature windings. By N. H. Schneider. 

ELECTRIC BELLS AND ALARMS, How to install them. By 
N. H. Schneider. Including batteries, wire and wiring, circuits, 
pushes, bells, burglar alarms, high and low water alarms, fire 
alarms, thermostats, annunciators, and the locating and remedy¬ 
ing of faults. With 56 original diagrams. 

SMALL DYNAMOS AND MOTORS. How to make, test and 
repair them, with tables of windings and 35 illustrations. 

ELECTRIC BATTERIES. A full explanation of the construction 
and uses of primary batteries. With 34 illustrations. 

SIMPLE ELECTRICAL WORKING MODELS. How to make 
them and how to use them. With 43 illustrations. 

TELEPHONES AND MICROPHONES. Making and using simple 
forms of telephones and microphones, with 29 illustrations. 

SMALL ELECTRIC MOTORS. How to make and use them, in¬ 
cluding design, examples of small motors and their applications, 
speed controllers, starters, fuses, etc. 48 illustrations. 

ELECTRIC LIGHTING for amateurs. The installation of elec¬ 
tric light on a small scale, construction of lamps and lamp holders, 
switches, batteries and their connections. With 45 illustrations. 

INDUCTION COILS. A practical handbook on the construction 
and use of shock and spark coils. With 3o illustrations. 

X-RAYS SIMPLY EXPLAINED. The theory and practical appli¬ 
cation of Radiography. 10 illustrations and 6 plates. 

STATIC ELECTRICITY. Simple experiments in. A series of 
instructive and entertaining electrical experiments with simple 
and inexpensive apparatus. With 51 illustrations. 

SIMPLE SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS. How to perform enter¬ 
taining and instructive experiments with simple home-made ap- 
paratus. With 59 illustrations. 



25ct. BOOKS. 


Y MODEL BOILER MAKING. Contains full instructions for de¬ 
signing and making Model Stationary, Marine and Locomotive •; 
Boilers. Fully illustrated with original working drawings. 

METAL WORKING TOOLS AND THEIR USES. A Handbook i 
for Young Engineers and Apprentices. Shows how to use simple I 
'Tools required in Metal Working and Model Making. Illustrated'. | 

SIMPLE MECHANICAL WORKING MODELS. How to make and 
-use them, including Stationary Engine, Locomotive, Steamboat, 
Waterwheel, etc. With 34 illustrations. 

MODEL STEAMER BUILDING. A practical handbook, on the 
•design and construction of Model Steamer Hulls, and fittings, with j 
39 scale drawings. 

MACHINERY FOR MODEL STEAMERS. On the design, con- | 
struction, fitting and erecting of engines and boilers for, model „ 
steamers, with 44 scale drawings. 

THE LOCOMOTIVE, simply explained. A first introduction to j 
the study of the Locomotive Engine, their design, construction j 
and erection, with a short catechism, and 26 illustrations. 

MECHANICAL DRAWING simply explained. Use of instru- ] 
ments, reading and setting out drawings, inking in and finishing, ] 
drawings for reproduction, lettering, with 44 illustrations. 

ACETYLENE GAS. How to make and use it. A practical ; 
Tiandbook on the uses of Acetylene Gas, suitable apparatus for its j 
.generation," hints on fitting up, etc., 34 illustrations. 

JOINT WIPING. Practical hints on, for beginners in plumbing, 
describing in detail the various operations and fully illustrat¬ 
ing them from actual work, showing how the tools are used. 

WOODWORK JOINTS. How to make and where to use them, j 
iMortise and tenon joints, lap joints, dovetail joints, glue joints, j 
scarfing joints, circular work, with 137 illustrations. 

DESIGN SHEETS. Direct current dynamos. These shiets are j 
for carrying out dynamo designs according to the method laid J 
down by S. P. Thompson. I.—General Descriptions of the Machine I 
and the Commercial Test. II and III.— Schedule for Electrical, 1 
Mechanical and Magnetic Test. IV.— Schedule for the Calculation 1 
of Armature Winding and Field. V. —Temperature Test, and I 
Estimate of Weights and Costs. Five sheets, 8 in. x 10J in. Price 1 
per set 25 cents. Special price on a quantity. Each sheet has 1 
two holes punched in one end for easy filing. 

STEAM TURBINES. How to design and build them. Giving 1 
full particulars and details, fully illustrated. 

UNIVERSAL TIME CARD MODEL. By setting to the desired | 
Tiour at any one place the movable model will show at a glance 5 
the actual time of all the other places in the world. Printed in 2 1 
-colors. Price 25 cents. 





Electric Bell Pitting*. —A practical handbook on the 
fitting up and maintenance of electric bells and all the necessary 
apparatus. By F. C. Allsop. CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.— 
(1) Wiring and wires (2) Pushes, pulls, contacts and switches. 
(3) Bells and relays. (4) Indicators. (5) Burglar and fire alarm 
contacts. (6) Batteries. (7) Connecting up. '8) The detector 
and localizing faults. (9) Portable sets. Index. Tenth edition, 
xv 4- 170 pages. 186 illustrations and folding plates, 12mo. Cloth 

$1.25. 

Electric Bell Constr iction*—A practical treatise on 
construction of electric bells, indicators and similar apparatus. By 
F. C. Allsop. CONTENTS.— J electricity and Magnetism. —Galvanic 
or Primary Batteries; Leclanche Battery; List of Conducting Sub¬ 
stances; List of Insulating Materials; The Magnetic Field; Lines of 
Magnetic Force; Electro-magnet; Winding Bobbins of Electro¬ 
magnets; able of Resistances; Weights and Sizes of Copper Wire. 
Bells. —Construction of Trembling Bells, with details; Construction 
of Single Stroke Bells, with details; Construction of Continuous 
Ringing Bells, with details; Construction of the Jansen Electric Bell, 
with details; Construction of Electric Gongs, with details; Con¬ 
struction of Single Stroke Bells for long distances, with details; 
Table giving length and diameter of iron Cores, and the amount and 
sizes of Wire for different sized Bells. Indicators. —Drop Shutter 
or Moving Disks, requiring to be re-set by hand; Electrical Throw¬ 
backs; Full details of Mechanical Indicators; Details for Electrical 
Indicators. Relays. —Unpolarized relays; Polerized relays; De¬ 
tails of relays commonly used on Bell Circuits; Continuous ringing 
attachments. The Magneto Generator and Bell. —Its Construction 
md Use; and complete details of parts, etc. Galvanometer. —The 
Construction and Use of the Detector, or Lineman’s Galvanometer, 
with detail drawings. With Complete Index. 131 pages, 177 illus¬ 
trations, 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. 

Small Dvnamo. Notes on Design of. By G. Halliday. 
This book has been mainly prepared for the purpose of supplying 
drawings of a small dynamo of a well-known type to enable students 
t ' better understand the construction of this machine. 79 pages, 
illustrated, cloth, with a number of drawings to scale. Sl-OOf. 

Tile Ptionograpll and how to Construct it. With achapte 
on Sound By W. Gillett. A practical work written in good plain 
language, with a complete set of scale drawings, 87 pages, 12mo. 
Cloth, $ 2 - 00 - 

'Transformer Oesifjn. —A treatise on their design, con¬ 
struction and use. By George Adams. The author has avoided 
historical matter and the use of mathematical analysis. The main 
object kept in view throughout the work has been to indicate the 
most direct way of designing a transformer, vi + 75 pages, 34 illus¬ 
trations, 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 


Published Weekly. Annual! subscription, Subscription 6 months, $1.50 
Single numbers, 8c. $ 5.00 postpaid. “ 4 “ $1.00 

The Model Engineer 

and electrician. 

The BEST Paper for Young Engineers, Students, Model Makers, Apprentices f 
and all interested in Mechanic::! and Electrical Work. 


SPECIAL FEATURES. 

Practical Articles by experienced writers on the construction and 
working of model steam, gas and oil engines; model locomotives 
and railways; model boilers; model steam and electric launches, 
and sailing yachts; lathes and metal and wood-working tools; 
pattern-making; brass and iron founding; forging; model 
dynamos and motors; electric bells, telephones and batteries; 
accumulators; electric lighting; influence machines; electrical 
experiments; motor cycles, &c., &c. 

Model Engineers and their Work. —Illustrated interviews with 
prominent model engineers, describing their workshops, their 
methods of working; and some of their models. 

Our Beginners* Column. —A section devoted to elementary 
instruction on the use of tools; the making of simple apparatus 
and models, and the carrying out of easy experiments. 

Practical Letters from our Readers. —A correspondence 
column, wherein readers can describe workshop appliances or 
methods of their own invention and discuss practical matters of 
mutual interest. 

Amateurs* Supplies. —Under this heading hort descriptions of 
new tools, apparatus and materials are inserted, thus keeping the 
reader posted up in the latest improvements. 

A System of Queries and Replies, by which all readers of the 

journal can obtain information and advice on mechanical or 
electrical subjects. 

Original Working Drawings and high-class illustrations are a 

regular feature of the journal. 

Prize Competitions open to all readers, are announced from 

time to time, on all subjects. 

Model Yachting Notes, New Books, &c., &c. 

All subscriptions should be sent to , 

SPON & CHAMBERLAIN 5 Sole American Agents. 


123-125 Liberty Street, NewYork, U. S. A. 




SMALL 


ACCUMULATORS. 

HOW MADE AND USED. 

EDITED BY 

PERCIVAL MARSHALL, Asso. Inst. M.E. 


Contents of Chapters. 

I. —The.Theory of the'Accumulator. 

II. —How to make a 4 -Volt Pocket Accumulator. 

Ill —How to make a 32 -Ampere Hour Accumulator. 

IV. —Types of Small Accumulators. 

V. —How to charge and Use Accumulators. 

VI. —Applications of Small Accumulators, Electrical Novelties, 
etc., Useful Receipts and Memoranda, Glossary of Technical Terms. 

80 Pages. 40 Ulus., 121110, Cloth, 50c. 


The Magneto-Telephone. 

Its Construction, 

FITTING UP AND ADAPTABILITY TO EVERY DAY USE. 

By NORMAN HUGHES. 


Contents of Chapters. 

Some electrical considerations : I —Introductory II.—Construc¬ 
tion III.—Lines, Indoor Lines. IV.—Signalling Apparatus. 
V—Batteries Open Circuit Batteries. Closed Circuit Batteries. 
VI.—Practical Operations. Circuit with Magneto Bells and Light¬ 
ning Arresters. How to test the Line. Push-Button Magneto Cir¬ 
cuit Two Stations with Battery Bells. VII —Battery Telephone. 
Battery Telephone Circuit. Three Instruments on one line. 
VIII.—General remarks. Index. 

80 Pages, 23 Illustrations, i2ino, cloth, $1.00, 






A NEW BOOK—Latest American Practice 


ELECTRIC 

QAS R IGHTING 


-HOW TO INSTALL- 

ELECTRIC GAS IGNITING APPARATUS 

INCLUDING THE 


JUMP SPARK AND MULTIPLE SYSTEMS 


FOR USE IN 


Houses, Churches, Theatres, Halls, Schools, Stores, 


or any large building. 

Also the care and selection of suitable Batteries, Wiring and Repairs 


By H. S. NORRIE. 

(Author of Induction Coils and Ceil Making.) 


Contents of Chapters : 

i. Introduction. Means of producing Sparks, Induction. Induc¬ 
tion Coils. 2 . Application of Induction Coils to Gas Lighting. 
Forms of burners used, pendant, rachet, stem, Welsbach, Automatic, 
Burners for Gasolene and Acetylene. 3 How to connect up appa¬ 
ratus Wiring a house. Locating breaks or short circuits. Wiring 
in finished houses. General remarks. 4 . Primary coils and safety 
devices. How to wire and fit up different systems for lighting of 
lai^ buildings. 6 . The selection of suitable batteries for gas light¬ 
ing, repairs, maintenance, etc. 

VIII + 100 pages, 57 illustrations and 

diagrams and drawings. Cloth, 50c. 





A MANUAL ON 


\ 


THE CARE AND HANDLING 

OF 

Electric Plants. 

Written for the practical engineer and adapted to the United States 
military Service. Including Dynamos, Motors, Wiring, Storage 
Batteries, Testing Instruments, Incandescent Lamps, Photo¬ 
metry and a chapter on the Oil Engine. 

By NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER. 

Hate Electrical Expert , Southern Artillery District , New York. 

Author of “Induction Coils and Coil Making,” “ Notes on United 
States Army Power Plants,” etc. 


This manual is intended as a practical handbook for electricians^ 
engineers’ assistants and all who are interested in the operation of 
commercial or military electric plants. The basis of the work were 
a number of notes and memoranda accumulated by the author 
during ten years of practical work and upon several courses of 
lectures delivered at Fort Wadsworth to officers of the U. S. Artil¬ 
lery, and also to non-commissioned officers.” The chapter on 
incandescent lamps is especially valuable as this is a subject v"ery 
little touched upon in other works. The selection of tables will be 
found very useful for reference. Contents of Chapters: 1. The 
Electric Current, Insulators, Conductors, Series and Multiple 
Connections, Wiring, etc.; 2. Dynamos and Motors, Varieties of 
Motors, Management, Equalizers, Starting boxes, _ Sparking and 
Heating Brushes, Practical Hints, etc.; 3. Electrical Measuring 
Instruments and how to use them; 4. The Storage Battery and its 
management, Testing, Equipments, Fluids, various Switchboards 
and their working, etc.; 5. The Incandescent Lamp, Testing, Life of 
Lamps, Photometrv, etc.; 6. The Oil Engine, Belting, Lining up 

Engine, Pulleys, etc.; Index. 113 pages, illustrated with G& 
original drawings and numerous useful tables. 

Bound in limp leather, pocket size. By mail for $1.00; 



EVERYBODY'S BOOK ON ELECTRICITY. 


PRACTICAL ELECTRICS. 

A UNIVERSAL HANDY-BOOK 

ON 

EVERYDAY ELECTRICAL MATTERS. 

FIFTH EDITION. 


CONTENTS. 

Alarms. —Doors and Windows ; Cisterns ; Low Water in Boilers ; Time 
Signals ; Clocks. Batteries.— Making ; Cells ; Bichromate ; Bunsen ; Cal- 
lan’s ; Copper-oxide; Cruikshank’s ; Daniel’s; Granule carbon; Groves; 
Insulite ; Leclanche ; Lime Chromate ; Silver Chloride ; Smee ; Thermo¬ 
electric. Bells - Annunciator System ; Double System ; and Telephone; 
Making ; Magnet for ; Bobbins or Coils ; Trembling ; Single* Stroke ; 
Continuous Ringing. Connections. Carbons. Coils. —Induction ; Prim¬ 
ary ; Secondary ; Contact-breakers ; Resistance. Intensity Coils.—Reel; 
Primary ; Secondary ; Core ; Contact-breaker ; Condenser ; Pedestal ; 
Commutator; Connections. Dynamo-Electric Machines. — Relation of 
Speed to Power ; Field-Magnets ; Pole-pieces ; Field-magnet Coils ; 
Armature Cores and Coils ; Commutator Collectors and Brushes ; Relation 
of size to efficiency ; Methods of exciting Field-Magnets ; Magneto-Dyna¬ 
mos ; Separately excited Dynamos ; Shunt Dynamos ; Organs of Dyna¬ 
mos as constructed in practice ; Field-Magnets ; Armatures ; Collectors; 
Brush Dynamo ; Second Class ; Alternate Currents ; Third Class.., Fire 
Risks. —The Dynamo ; Wires ; Lamps ; Danger to persons. Measuring. 
—Non Registering Instruments ; Registering Instruments. Microphones. 
—Construction, &c. Motors. —Application ; for Railways. Phonographs 
Photophones. Storage —Plates. Terminals.— Charging. Telephones .— 
Forms ; Circuits and Calls ; Transmitter and Switch ; Switch for Simplex. 

135 PAGES. 126 ILLUSTRATIONS. 8 VO. 

Cloth. 75 Cents. 





AN AMERICAN BOOK. 

IES£!i CS 3 " fliiiK 

Second edition thoroughly revised, greatly enlarged and brought up 
to latest American Practice, 

By H. S. NORRIE. 

(NORMAN H SCHNCIDERJ 


Considerable space in the new matter is given to the following » 
Medical and bath coils, gas engine and spark ceils, contact breakers, 
primary and secondary batteries; electric gas lighting; new method 
of X-ray work, etc. A complete chapter on up-to-date wireless tele¬ 
graphy; a number of new tables and 25 original illustrations. Great 
care has been given to the revision to make this book the best Amer¬ 
ican work on the subject. A very complete index, contents, list of 
illustrations and contents of tables have been added. 

Contents of Chapters. 

i. Construction of coils; sizes of wire; winding; testing; insula¬ 
tion; general remarks; medical and spark coils. 2 Contact breakers. 
3 . Insulation and cements. 4 . Construction of condensers. 5 . Ex¬ 
periments. 6 . Spectrum analysis. 7 . Currents in vacuo; air pumps. 
8 . Rotating effects. 9 . Electric gas lighting; in multiple; in series. 
10 . Primary batteries for coils; varieties; open circuit cells; c'osed 
circuit cells; solutions. 11 . Storage or secondary batteries; construc¬ 
tion; setting up; charging 12 . Tesla and Hertz effects. 1 1 . Roent¬ 
gen Radiography. 14 . Wireless telegraphy; arrangement of circuits 
of coil and coherer for sending and receiving messages; coherers; 
translating devices; air conductors; tables; contents; index. 

XII + 270 Pages, 79 Illustrations, 5 x 6}i Inches. 
Cloth, $1 00. 













INDUCTION COILS 

AND 

Coil Making. 

A Treatise on the Construction and Working of 
Shock, Medical and Spark Coils. 

By F. C. ALLSOP. 


CONTENTS. 

Induction; iron filings round poles of a magnet; magnetic whirls 
round wires carrying electric currents; electro-magnet; apparatus for 
observing the phenomena of induction, circuits of coil with both 
primary and secondary; primary shock coil; hints on the construc¬ 
tion of coils generally; determining size of primary and secondary 
windings; table of resistances of copper wire, etc.; bobbins; iron core; 
winding the primary; winding the secondary; contact-breakers; term¬ 
inals; bases for coils; putting the coil together; construction of con¬ 
densers; shock and medical coils and their connections; methods of 
regulating shock; primary shock coils; method of winding last layer* 
bath coils; sledge coils; portable coils; street coils; accessory appli¬ 
ances for, and the application of medical coils; conducting cords and 
electrodes; galvanometers and milliamperemeters; collectors; current 
reversers; rheostats; spark coils; a i-inch spark coil; sectionally- 
wound coils; a 2 -inch spark coil; a 12 -inch spark coil; App’s spark 
coil; the polytechnic coil; the Spottiswoodie coil; experiments with 
spark coils, vacuum tubes, etc.; batteries for coil working—dry, 
Leclanche, bichromate, Edison Lelande, Grove, Bunsen—faults in 
medical and spark coils; figures produced by electric discharges on 
photographic plates; index. 

172 Pages, 5 in. x 7£, 124 Illustrations, 

Cloth, $1.25 








A GRADUATED COLLECTION OF 


PROBLEMS IN ELECTRICITY. 

Comprising all branches of Electrical Science. 

By ROBERT WEBER, D. Sc. 

Translated from the Third French Edition. 

By E. A. O’KEEFFE, B. E., M. I. E. E. 


EXTRACT FROM PREFACE. 

“This graduated collection of problems in electricity fills a want 
I have often felt in the course of my teaching. In order the better 
to familiarize the student with the technical terms and the formulae 
employed in this branch of physics, I thought it would be useful 
to collect a considerable number of exercises, to arrange them 
carefully, and to vary as much as possible the subjects of which they 
treat. This collection allows us to illustrate the theoretical course 
by numerous examples, to exercise the intelligence of the students, 
and to imprint on their memories the laws and electrical formulae, 
the numerous applications of which tend every day to take a 
greater place in our lives.” 

The work is divied into the following divisions: Mechanics and 
heat, with 38 problems and answers; static electricity, with 153 
problems and answers; dynamic electricity, with 555 problems and 
answers. The units adopted are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, 
practical electrical, legal and heat. With 26 tables. Index and 
contents. 

XV. + 351 pages, 34 diagrams, 12mo., cloth, 


$3.00 





An Elementary Treatise for the Use of 

ELECTRICAL ARTISANS AND SCIENCE TEACHERS. 

By J. A. Fleming, M. A., D. Sc., F. R. S. 

Synopsis of Contents. 

Magnetic classification of substances. Electro-magnetism. Mag¬ 
netic retentivity and coercivity. Structure of a magnet. Substance 
and energy. Physical measurements. Fundamental units. The 
Metric system. The C. G. S. system derived units. A unit mag¬ 
netic polb. Moment of a magnet, magnetic fields and magnetic 
couples. Magnetic flux. Magnetic reluctivity and reluctance. 
Magnetomotive force. Action of a magnetic field on a magnetic sub¬ 
stance. Practical measurements of magnetic flux and magnetic 
force. Electric currents and electro motive force. Production of an 
electric current. Practical forms of Voltaic cells. Standard cells. 
Thermo-electric currents. Magneto-electric currents. Measure¬ 
ment of electric currents. Construction of a tangent galvanometer. 
Definition of the practical unit of current—one ampere. Practical elec¬ 
trical unit. Ohm’s law. Faraday’s discovery of electro-magnetic 
induction. Ballistro galvanometer. Induced electric currents. 
Mutual inductance. Conductors cutting magnetic flux. Faraday’s 
disc. The direction of the induced electro-motive force. Hand 
rule curves. Steinmetz law. Electro-magnets. Lifting power of 
electro-magnets. Construction of electro-magnets for various pur¬ 
poses. Effect of heat on magnetic properties. Alternating or 
periodic currents. Inductance. Alternating current transformers. 
Transformer distribution. Construction of alternating current trans¬ 
formers. Induction coil. Electric measuring instruments. Current 
carrying capacity of wire. Alternate current instruments. The 
dynamo. ' Alternators. Appendix. The measurement of the Earth’s 
Horizontal magnetic field strength. 

408 pages, 135 illustrations, i2mo, cloth, $2,00 




FINSBURY TECHNICAL# MANUALS. 


Elementary 

TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY 

BY 

ARTHUR GROTGH. 


Extract from Preface. 

“This work is intended to cover the intermediate ground between 
electricity and magnetism proper and the twin subjects of tele¬ 
graphy and telephony. 

“ The elementary student does not desire to traverse the whole 
field of electricity, either the science or its application, but to 
understand such leading principles of the one as are necessary to 
a comprehension of simpler systems of the other. It has, therefore, 
been the author’s aim to treat the subjects as fully as possible 
from this point of view, and to lay a firm foundation for the 
acquisition of larger futui;e knowledge.” 


Contents of Chapters. 

I. —Magnetism. 

II. —Terrestrial Magnetism—Magnetic Theory. 

Ill—Static Electricity. 

IV. —Electrostatic Induction—Condensers. 

V. —Dynamic Electricity—The Voltaic Cell. 

VI. —Primary and Secondary Cells. 

VII. —Resistance, Current and Electromotive Force. 

VIII. —Effects of Current—Galvanometers. 

IX. —Induction. 

X—Cross-Section—Combined Resistances. 

XI. —Joining-Up of Cells—Universal Battery System. 

XII. —Telegraphy : Single Needle—Sounder. 

XIII. —Relays—Double-Current Working, etc. 

XIV. —Wheatstone A B C—Steljes Recorder. 

XV. —Differential Duplex. 

XVI. —Bridge Duplex. 

XVII. —Submarine. 

XVIII.—The Telephone. 

XIX. —Telegraph and Telephone Lines. 

XX, —Elements of Testing. Index. 

VII +223 Pages, 238 Illustrations, 8 vo, Cloth, $2.oo. 





A VALUABLE BOOK OE REFERENCE. 


TELEPHONES 

THEIR 

CONSTRUCTION AN D FITTING. 

A’ 

Practical Treatise on the Fitting-up and Maintenance of Telephones 
and the Auxiliary Apparatus. 

By F\ C. ALLSOP. 


SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS. 

Receivers.— Single-pole Bell; Double-pole Bell; Watch; Membrane; 
Gower; Ader; Bell pattern Ader; D’Arsonval; Hickley; Siemens; Spoon- 
shape; Double; Bollier. Transmitters. —Hughes; Microphone; Blake; 
Gower; Ader; Crossley; Johnson; Swinton; Valve Microphone; German 
P. 0.; Hunnings; Berthon; Berlinger; Induction coils for; Specifications 
for; two-pencil Microphone. Switch Bells. —Battery; Magneto; Connec¬ 
tions; Switch Hook; Lightning Arresters. Complete Instruments. —With 
Magnetic Transmitters; With Microphone; Gower-Bell; Bell-Blake; Cross- 
ley; Ader; Johnson; Army Service; Ship Service; for Mining and Diving 
Purposes. Long Distance Telephony. Bells. - Construction of the Mag¬ 
neto Generator; Battery; Vibrating; Single Stroke; Continuous Ringing; 
Short Circuit; Differentially wound; Circular; Church Shaped. Relays. 
Switches. —Two way; three point; four point; six point; plug. Three 
•drop Annunciator; Four drop Annunciator; Connecting Plugs. Switch¬ 
boards. Batteries. —Leclanche; Agglomerate block form; Six block form. 
Position of the Battery. Setting up the Battery. Inspecting a Battery. 
Recharging a Battery; four cell Battery in box. Erecting 7'elephone 
Wires. —Live Wires; Insulators; Shackles; Wall Brackets; Overhead 
Wires; Paying out Wire; Draw vice; Vicing up a span; Binding Wire to 
Insulator; Pole on Roof; Humming of Wires; Prevention; Induction and 
Leakage; to Prevent Induction; Underground Wires; Inside or Joining up 
Wires; Earth Wires and Earth Connections; Fixing the Instruments; 
Connecting up (with numerous diagrams). Different Methods of Arrang¬ 
ing Instruments. — Twelve different arrangements. Private Exchange 
Systems .—For Hotels; for Large Buildings; Switch-boards. Public Ex¬ 
change Systems. —Western Electric Multiple; British P. O.; French; The 
Law; The Mann; Miller’s Improvement; Bennett’s Electro-static Call Wire. 
Testing and Removing Faults. —Searching for a fault. Faults in —Trans¬ 
mitters; Receivers; Switch Bells; Batteries; Line; Locating Faults. Index, 

184 pages. 156 illustrations and folding plates. 

nmo. Cloth, $1.25 




PRACTICAL CONSTRUCTION 


of 

Electric Tramways 


—BY— 


William R. Bowker, C.E., M.E., E.E, 


“ An excellent treatise on Electric Tramway Construction, with 
numerous diagrams. The author’s treatment being essentially 
practical, he at once dips into the question of laying out the per¬ 
manent way. Chapter II. is devoted to the preparation of a sub¬ 
stantial roadbed foundation, without which it is useless to expect 
reliable results. With the aid of numerous diagrams, he then 
describes the laying of the rails, plate laying, bonding, etc. As to 
the completion of roadbeds the author notes that no pavement has 
yet been discovered with so long a life as granite sets pavement 
judiciously laid. There is a good deal of useful information on 
wood pavement. Details of x overhead equipment are carefully 
considered. Local faults, materials used, and testing and mainte¬ 
nance are considered.”— Page's Engineering Magazine. 

Contents of Chapters: 1. Laying out the Permanent Way; 2. 
Road bed Foundation, etc.; 3. Laying the Rails, Plate Laying, 
Bonding, etc.; 4. Completing the Road-bed; 5. Choice of Materials 
in the Laying-out of Curves for the Overhead Equipment; 6. Over¬ 
head Construction and Equipment; 7. Notes and details on 
Materials in the Construction and Equipment of Various Tramway 
Undertakings; 8. Testing and Maintenance of Electric Tramways; 
index. 

VIII. + 119 pages, 93 diagrams, 8vo. cloth. 


$2.50 



A HAND BOOK OF 



By H. R. KEMP, M.I.E.E., C.E. 

Sixth edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged. 


Note:— In the present edition the author has not only taken advan¬ 
tage as far as possible of the many friendly suggestions which have 
been made to him for the improvement of the original work, but has 
added a considerable amount or new matter, besides thoroughly 
revising the old.— February , igoo. 


CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS. 

I. Simple Testing. 2 . Resistance Coils. 3 . Galvanometers. 4 . 
Shunts. 5 . Measurement of Galvanometer Resistance. 6 . Measure¬ 
ment of the Internal Resistance of Batteries. 7 . Measurement of 
the Electro-motive Force of Batteries. 8 . The Wheatstone Bridge. 
9 . Localization of Faults. 10 . Keys, Switches, Condensers and 
Batteries, n. Measurement of Potentials. 12 . Measurement of 
Current Strengths. 13 . Measurement of Electro static Capacity. 
14 . The Thompson Quadrant Electrometer. 15 . Measurement of 
High P ^«ta,nces. t6. Measurement of Resistances by Potentials. 
17 . Localization of Faults by Fall of Potentials. iS. Tests, during 
the laying of a Cable. 19 . Joint-testing. 20 . Specific Measurement, 
si. Corrections for Temperature. 22 . Localization of Faults of 
High Resistance. 23 . Localization of a Disconnection Fault in a 
Cable. 24 . A Method of Localizating Earth Faults. 25 . Galvano¬ 
meter Resistance. 26 . Specifications for Manufacture of Cable.— 
Systems of Testing Cable during Manufacture. 27 . Appendix, 
Index and Numerous Tables. 

VIII+646 pages, 238 illustrations, 8vo. cloth, $6 00} 




Design of Dynamos 

BY 

SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D. Sc., B. A., F* R. S. 

extracts from preface. 

The present work is purposely confined to continuous current 
generators. The calculations and data being expressed in inch 
measures; but the author has adopted throughout the decimal sub¬ 
division of the inch; small lengths being in mils, and small areas of 
cross-section in sq. mils, or, sometimes, also, in circular mils.” 

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS. 

1. Dynamo Design as an Art. 

2. Magnetic Data and Calculations. Causes of waste of 
Power. Coefficients of Dispersion. Calculation of Dispersion. 
Determination of exciting ampere-turns. Example of Calculation. 

3. Copper Calculations. Weight of Copper Wire. Electrical 
resistance of Copper, in cube, strip, rods, etc. Space-factors. Coil 
Windings; Ends; Insulation; Ventilating; Heating. 

4. Insulating Materials and Their Properties-. A list of 
materials, including “ Armalac,” ” Vitrite,” “ Petrifite,” “ Mican- 
ite,” ‘‘Vulcabeston,” ‘‘Stabilite,” ” Megohmite,” etc. With tables. 

5. Armature Winding Schemes. Lap Windings, Ring Wind¬ 
ings, Wave Windings, Series Ring-Windings, Winding Formulas. 
Number of circuits. Equalizing connections. Colored plates. 

6 . Estimation of Losses, Heating and Pressure-drop. Cop¬ 
per Losses, Iron Losses, Excitation Losses, Commutator Losses, 
Losses through sparking. Friction and Windage Losses. Second¬ 
ary Copper Losses. 

7. The Design of Continuous Current Dynamos. Working 
Constants and Trial Values; Flux-densities; Length of Air-gap; 
Number of Poles; Current Densities; Number of Armature Con¬ 
ductors; Number of Commutator Segments; Size of Armature 
(Steinmetz coefficient); Assignment of Losses of Energy, Cen¬ 
trifugal Forces; Calculation of Binding Wires; Other procedure in 
design. Criteria of a good design. Specific utilization of material. 

8. Examples of Dynamo Design. 

1 . Shunt-wound multipolar machine, with slotted drum arma¬ 
ture. 2. Over-compounded Multipolar traction generator, with 
slotted drum armature, with general specifications, tables, dimen¬ 
sions and drawings, fully described. 

A number of examples of generators are given in each chapter, 
fully worked out with rules, tables and data. 

VIII.X253 pages, 92 illustrations, 10 large folding plates and 4 
Three-color Plates, 8vo., cloth, $3.50. 


(Bound in Red Cloth as a companion volume to the second edition of 
Polyphase Electric Currents .j 


AUTHORIZED AttERICAN EDITION OF 


POLYPHASE 
ELECTRIC CURRENTS 

AND 

ALTERNATE-CURRENT MOTORS 

By S. P. THOMPSON, D.Sc., B.A., F.R S. 

Second and Enlarged Edition , with Twenty-four Colored Ulus 
trations and Eight Folding Plates. 


Contents of Chapters. 

I. Alternating Currents in General. 

II. Polyphase Currents. 

III. Combination of Polyphase Circuics and Economy of Copper. 

IV. Polyphase Generators. 

V. Examples of Polyphase Generators. 

VI Structure of Polyphase Motors. 

VII-VIII. Graphic Theory of Polyphase Motors. 

IX Analytical Theory of Polyphase Motors. 

X. Examples of Modern Polyphase Motors. 

XI Hints on Design. 

XII Mechanical Performance of Polyphase Motors. 

XIII. Single-Phase Motors 

XIV Polyphase Transformers and Phase Transformation. 

XV. Measurement of Polyphase Power. 

XVI. Polyphase Equipment of Factories. 

XVII. Distribution of Polyphase Currents from Central Stations. 
XVIII. Polyphase Electric Railways. 

XIX. Properties of Rotating Magnetic Fields. 

XX. Early Development of the Polyphase Motor. 

Appendix —I Alternate Current Calculations : the Symbolic Me¬ 
thod. II Schedule of Polyphase Patents. Index List of Plates:— 
I. Two-phase Generator at Chevres. II. Three-phase Inductor 
Alternator. III. Two-phase Motor of Six Horse-power. IV. Three- 
phase Motor of One Hundred Horse-power. V. Three-phase Motor 
of Twenty Horse-power. VI. Core-Disks of Three-Phase Motor. 
VII. Two phase Motor of One Thousand Horsepower. VIII. Lo¬ 
comotive of the Jungfrau Railway. 

508 Pages, 358 Illus., 8vo, Clotli, $5.00! 




NOW READY. 

996 pages, 573 illustrations, four three-color plates, 
and 32 large folding plates and scale drawings. 
Size o; book, 6£ x 8f x 2|. 


$7.50 


Our special payment offers are worthy your 
consideration. Send for full particulars. 



PRACTICAL, HANDBOCfit 


ON 



With Instructions for Care and Working of the Ssrne, 


By G. LIECKFELD, C.E. 

TRANSLATED WITH PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR BY 

Geo. Richmond, M.E. 

TO WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED FULL DIRECTIONS FOR THE RUNNING OF 

OIL ENGINES. 


CONTENTS. 

Choosing and installing a gas engine. The construction of good 
gas engines Examination as to workmanship. As to running. As 
to economy. Reliability and durability of gas engines. Cost of in¬ 
stalling a gas engine. Proper erection of a gas engine. Construc¬ 
tion of the foundation. Arrangement for gas pipes. Rubber bag 
T ocking devices. Exhaust pipes. Air pipes. Setting up gas en- 
g. es. Brakes and their use in ascertaining the power of gas en¬ 
gines Theory of the brake. The Brauer band brake. Arrange- 
ment of a brake test. Explanation of the expressions ‘Brake 
Power ” and “ Indicated Power.” Comparisons of the results of the 
brake test and the indicated test. Quantity of work consumed by 
external friction of the engine Distribution of heat in a gas engine 
Attendance on gas engines. General remarks. Gas engine oh 
Cylinder lubricators Rules as to starting and stopping a gas engine. 
The cleaning of a gas engine. General observations and specific ex¬ 
amination for defects. Different kinds of defectives. The engine 
refuses to work. Non-starting of the engine. Too much pressure 
on the gas. Water in the exhaust pot. Difficulty in starting the en¬ 
gine. Ciogged slide valve. Leaks in gas pipes. Unexpected 
stopping of engine Irregular running. Loss of power. Weak g as 
mixtures. Late ignition. Cracks in air inlet. Back filing Knock¬ 
ing and pounding inside of engine. Dangers and precautionary 
measure in handling gas engines. Examination of gas pipes. Pre 
cautions when : - Opening gas valves. Removing piston from cylin¬ 
der. Examining with light openings of gas engines. Dangers in 
starting. Dangers in cleaning. Safeguards for fly-wheels. ~ Danger 
of putting on belts. Oil Engines. Gas engines with producer 
gas. Gasoline and oil engines The “ Hornsby-Akroyd’ oilengine. 
Faiiure to star-t. Examination of engine in detail. Vaporizer valvt 
box. Full detailed directions for the management of Oil Engines. 
Concluding remarks. 120 pages, illustrated, i2mo. cloth. Sfci.oo 




THE BEST AND CHEAPEST IN THE MARKET. 


ALGEBRA SELF-TAUGHT. 

BY 

W. PAGET HIGGS, M*A«, D.Sc. 


FOURTH EDITION. 


CONTENTS. 

Symbols and the signs of operation. The equation and the un¬ 
known quantity. Positive and negative quantities. Multiplication, 
involution, exponents, negative exponents, roots, and the use of ex¬ 
ponents as logarithms. Logarithms. Tables of logarithms and 
proportional parts. Transportation of systems of logarithms. Com¬ 
mon uses of common logarithms. Compound multiplication and the 
binomial theorem. Division, fractions and ratio. Rules for division. 
Rules for fractions. Continued proportion, the series and the sum¬ 
mation of series. Examples. Geometrical means. Limit of 
series. Equations. Appendix. Index. 104 pages, i 2 mo, cloth, 60c. 


See also Algebraic Signs, Spons’ Dictionary of Engineering 
No. 2. 40 cts. 

See also Calculus, Supplement to Spons’ Dictionary No. 5. 
75 cts. _ 

Barlow’s 'Tables of squares, cubes, square roots, cube roots, 
reciprocals of all numbers up to 10 , 000 . A thoroughly reliable work 
of 200 pages, i 2 mo, cloth, $ 2 . 50 . 

Logarithms. —Tables of logarithms of the natural numbers 
from 1 to 108,000 with constants. By Charles Babbage, M.A. 220 
pages, 8 vo, cloth, $ 3 . 00 . 

Logarithms. —A. B. C. Five figure logarithms for general 
use. By C. J. Woodward, B.Sc. 143 pages, complete thumb index, 
12mo, limp leather, $ 1 . 60 . 

Books mailed post-paid to any address on receipt of Price 







THE ENGINEERS’ SKETCH-BOOK 

OF 

Mechanical Movements, Devices, Appliances, 
Contrivances and Details. 

EMPLOYED IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR EVERY 
PURPOSE CLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED FOR REFERENCE FOR THE 
USE OF ENGINEERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, MANAGERS, ME¬ 
CHANICS, INVENTORS, PATENT AGENTS AND ALL 
ENGAGED IN THE MECHANICAL ARTS. 

BY 

THOMAS WALTER BARBER, M.E. 

Third Edition , greatly enlarged and brought up tc date. 

335 pages, with descriptive notes and memoranda, and 2,603 
illustrations, 8vo, cloth. Price, $4.00. 


CONTENTS. 

Accumulators. Adjusting devices. Anchoring. Anti-friction 
bearings. Apparatus for drawing curves. Automatic cut-off. 
Balance weights. Ball and socket joints. Beam-engine diagrams. 
Bearings. Bed plates, foundations. Belt gearing. Belt pulleys* 
Blowing and exhausting. Boilers, types of. Bolts, etc. Boring, 
drilling, etc. Brakes and retarding appliances. Cams, tappets and 
wipers. Carriages, cars, etc. Centres. Centrifugal force, applica¬ 
tions of. Chains, links and couplings, Chopping, slicing and minc¬ 
ing. Chucks, grips and holders. Circular and reciprocating motion. 
Clutches. Compensating and balance weights. Concentrated power. 
Concentrating and separating. Condensing and cooling. Connect¬ 
ing rods and links. Contracting and expanding. Conveying mes¬ 
sages, etc. Conveying motion and movable ports. Conveyors. 
Cotters, etc. Couplings. Couplings for shafting. Covers, doors, 
.tc. Cranes, types of. Cranks and eccentrics. Crushing, rolling 
and disintegrating. Curves, apparatus for drawing. Cushioning 4 
Cutting tools. Differential gear. Disintegrating. Doors, covers, 
manholes. Drawing and rolling metals, etc. Drawing curves, etc., 
apparatus for. Drilling, boring, etc. Eccentrics. Elastic wheels. 
Elliptical motion. Engines and boilers. Engines. Exhausting'aup 
blowing. * Expanding and contracting devices. Fastening wheels 



rY^ 

b PONS’ 


]Y|echaiucs 

A WORK THAT SHOULD BE IN YOUR BOOKCASE. 


The general method of treatment of each subject, is first 
the raw materials worked upon, its characteristics, variations 
and suitability; secondly, the tools used, the sharpening 
and use; thirdly, devoted to typical examples of work to be 
done, materials, and how to do similar work, etc. 

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. 

Mechanical Drawing, (13 pages.) 

Mechanical Movements, (55 pages.) 

Casting and Founding in Brass and Bronze, (30 pages.) 

Forging and Finishing, (46 pages.) 

Soldering in all its branches, (26 pages.) 

Sheet Metal Working, (10 pages.) 

Turning and Turning Lathes, (31 pages.) 

Carpentry, (224 pages.) 

Log Huts, Building, Etc., (8 pages.) 

Cabinet-Making, (36 pages.) Upholstery, (6 pages.) 

Carving and Fretwork, (13 pages.) 

Picture Frame Making, (4 pages.) 

Painting, Graining and Marbling, (28 pages.) 

Staining, (13 pages.) Gilding, (3 pages.) 

Polishing, (23 pages.) Varnishing, (4 pages.) 

Paper Hanging, (4 pages.) Glazing, (7 pages.) 

Plastering and White Washing, (9 pages.) 

Lighting, (8 pages.) 

Foundations and Masonry, (46 pages.) 

Roofing, (14 pages.) 

Ventilating and Warming, (13 pages.) 

Electric Bell and Bell Hanging, Gas Fitting, (8 pages.) 

Roads and Bridges, Banks, Hedges, Ditches and Drains, As¬ 
phalt Cement Floors, Water Supply and Sanitation. 

Votal number of pages 702. Total number illustrations 1,420 

Bound in substantial half-extra, - PRICE BY MAIL ONLY $2.50 
We have an 8 page circular giving full contents which will be sent 
free on application. 



n/JNQ/IL OF IN/TRUCTION 


H ARD S OLDERING, 

HARVEY ROWELL. 


CONTENTS. 

Introduction. Utensils and Chemicals. —The flame. Lamp. Charcoal. 

Mats. Blowpipes. Wash-bottle. Binding wire. Borax. Chemicals. 
Alloys for Hard Soldering. —spelter. Silver solder. Gold solder. 
Oxidation. —Oxidation of metals. Fluxes. Anti-oxidizers. 

Structure of Flame. —Oxidation of gases. The cone. Oxidizing flame. 
Reducing flame. 

Heat.—Transmission. Conduction. Capacity of metals. Radiation. 
Application. 

The Process. —The work table. The joint. Applying solder. Apply¬ 
ing heat. The use of the blowpipe. Making a ferrule. Joints. 
To repair a spoon. Difficulties. To repair a watch case. Hard 
soldering with a forge or hearth. Hard soldering with tongs. 
Technical Notes. —Preserving thin edges. Silversmiths’ pickle. Re- 
storing color to gold. Chromic acid. Steel springs to mend. 
Sweating metals together. Retaining work in position. Making 
joints. Applying heat. Preventing the loss of heat. Effect of 
sulphur, lead and zinc. To preserve precious stones. Annealing 
and hardening. Burnt iron. To hard solder after soft solder. 
Properties of Metals. —Tables of specific gravity. Table of tenacity 
Table of fusibility. Fusibility of alloys. 


56 Pages, 12mo , Cloth, Price, 75 Cents 

















THE (ppflf OF FHf 

—AND- 

FIRE PREVENTION. 


A HANDBOOK FOR INSURANCE SURVEYORS, 
WORKS MANAGERS, AND ALL INTERES¬ 
TED IN FIRE RISKS AND 
THEIR DIMINUTION 

BY 

HERBERT INGLE, F.I.C., FC.S. 


HARRY INGLE, Ph.d., B.Sc. 

TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMIST. 


Contents ot Chapters. 

I. Definition of Fire. Old Theories as to its Nature, Modern Views 
of Combustion—The Physical and Chemical Properties of the Atmos¬ 
phere the Chief Properties of its Constituents—Some Conditions 
Affecting the Combustion of Substances in Air, the Principle of the 
Miner's Safety Lamp. 

II. Explanation of Chemical Terms, Outline of the Atomic Theory. 
Brief Explanations of the Use of Chemical Formulae and Equations. 

III. Methods of Preparations of Oxygen, Brin’s Oxygen Manufac* 
ture—Heat Measurements, the Calorimeter, Calorific Power of Sub 
stances Burning in Air. 

IV. Coal Gas : Its Preparation, Purification and Composition- 
Properties of Its Chief Constituents—Reciprocity of Combustion- 
Gaseous Diffusion—Explosion of Gases—Dust Explosions. 

V. Fuel: Chemical Composition of Wood, Charcoal, Peat, Lig 
Elite, Coal, Coke, Petroleum Coal Gas—Use of “Atmospheric Bur 
ners ”—Producer Gas—Water Gas—Dawson Gas. 




ABC OF THE 

Steam Engine 

WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE 

Automatic Shaft Governor. 

By J. P. LISK, M.E. 

WITH SIX LARGE SCALE DRAWINGS. 

A practical hand-book for Firemen Helpers and Young Engineers, 
giving a set of detail drawings all numbered and lettered and with 
names and particulars of all parts of an up-to-date American • High 
Speed Steam Engine. Also a large drawing and full description of 
the Automatic Shaft Governor. With notes and practical hints. 

This work will prove of great help to all young men who wish 
to obtain their Engineer’s License because it is 

Easy to Understand, Easy to Remember, 

and gives the Latest American Practice. 

I. Longitudinal Section Through Cylinder, and Top View of High Speed Hori¬ 
zontal Steam Engine. 

II. Side Elevation of High Speed Horizontal Steam Engine. 

III. Detail Drawing of Connecting Rod and Piston of High Speed Horizontal 
Steam Engine. 

IV. Detail of Piston Valve; Eccentric Strap and Rod; Valve Stem Guide; 
and Eccentric of High Speed Horizontal Steam Engine. 

V. Detail of Crosshead, Crosshead Slipper; Wrist Pin; Crank Pin; Stuffing 
Box, etc., of High Speed Horizontal Steam Engine, 

VI. Detail of Centrifugal Automatic Governor for High Speed Horizontal 
Steam Engine. 

Copies mailed , post-paid, to any address on receipt of Fifty Cents- 


Diagram of the Corliss Engine. 

A large engraving giving a Longitudinal Section of the Corliss 
Engine Cylinder, showing relative positions of the Piston, Steam 
Valves, Exhaust Valves and Wrist Plates when cut-off takes place 
at \ stroke for each 15 degrees of the circle. With full particulars. 
Reach-rods and Rock.shafts. The Circle explained. Wrist- plates 
and Eccentrics. Explanation of Figures, etc., etc. Printed on 
heavy ledger paper, size 13 in. x 19 in. Price. 25 Cents each 
Special Price on a Quantity. 



flOW TO RUN 

ENGINES AND BOILERS. 

New Edition With a Section on Water Tube Boilers. 
Practical Instruction for Young Engineers and Steam Users. 

By EGBERT POMEROY WATSON. 

Synopsis of Contents, 

Cleaning the boiler, removing scale, scale preventers, oil in boilers, 
braces and stays, mud drums and feed pipes, boiler fittings, grate 
bars and tubes, bridge walls, the slide valve, throttling engine, the 
piston, testing the slide valve with relation to the poits, defects of 
the slide valve, lap and lead, the pressure on a slide valve, stem 
connections to the valve, valves off their seats, valve stem guides, 
governors, running with the sun, eccentrics and connections, the 
crank pin, brass boxes, bearings on pins, adjustment of bearings, 
the valve and gearing, setting eccentrics, the actual operation, 
return crank motion, pounding, the connections, lining up engines, 
making joints, condensing engines, Torricelli’s vacuum, proof of 
atmospheric pressure, pumps, no power in a vacuum supporting a 
water column bv the atmosphere, starting a new plant, &c.. &c. 

Water tube boilers fire tube boilers, why water tube boilers steam 
rapidly, torpedo boat boilers, management of water tube boilers, 
economy and maintenance of water tube boilers, different types of 
water tube boilers i60 pages, illustrated, 12mo, clot>, $1.00. 


THE FIREMAN’S GUIDE. 

A Handbook on the Care and Management u ' Boilers. 

By KARL P. DAHLSTROM, M.E. 

Contents of Chapters . 

I. Firing and Economy of Fuel,—Precautions before and 

after starting the fire, care of the fire, proper firing, draft, smoke, 
progress of firing, fuel on the grate, cleaning out, cleaning grate 
bars and ash pan, dampers, firing into two or more furnaces, dry 
fuel, loss of heat. 

II, Feed and Water Line. —Feeding, the water line, false 
water line, defective feeding apparatus, formation of scale, guage 
cocks, glass guage, the float, safety plug, alarm whistle. 

Ill Low Water and Foaming or Priming.—Precautions 
when water is low, foaming, priming, 

IV. Steam Pressure. —Steam gauge, safety valves. 

V. Cleaning and Blowing Out. —Cleaning the boiler, to 
examine the state of the boiler, blowing out, refilling the boiler. 

VI. General Directions,— How to prevent accidents, repairs, 
the care of the boiler when not in use, testing boilers, trimming and 
cleaning outside. Summary of rules. Index. #v*\, cloth- *0 cents.' 



AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK 

ON 

STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, 

FOR THE 

USE OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 

BY 

J. H. KINEALY. 

Professor of Mechanical Engineering , Washington University. 


Illustrated with Diagrams and Numerous Cuts, Showing American Types 
and Details of Engines and Boilers. 



This book is written solely as an elementary text-book for the use of be¬ 
ginners and students in engineering, but more specially for the students in 
the various universities and colleges in this country. 

No attempt has been made to tell everything about any one particular 
subject, but the author has endeavored to give the student an idea of 
elementary thermodynamics, of the action ot the steam in the cylinder of 
the engine, of the motion of the steam valve, of the differences between the 
various types of engines and boilers, of the generation of heat by combus¬ 
tion, and the conversion of water into steam. 

Care has been taken not to touch upon the design and proportion of the 
various parts of engines and boilers for strength ; as, in the opinion of the 
writer, that should come after a general knowledge of the engine and 
boiler has been obtained. 

In the derivation of some of the formalse in thermodynamics, it has been 
necessary to u=e the calculus, but the use of all mathematics higher than 
algebra and geometry has been avoided as much as possible. 

An earnest endeavor has been made to present the subject in a clear 
and concise manner, using as few words as possible and avoiding all 
padding. 

Contents of Chapters. 

Chapter I—Thermodynamics; First Law of Thermodynamics ; Work, 
Power ; Unit of Heat; Mechanical Equivalent; Application of Heat to 
Bodies ; Second Law of Thermodynamics ; Specific Heat; Absolute Tem¬ 
perature ; Application of Heat to a Perfect Gas ; Isothermal Expansion ; 
Adiabatic Expansion ; Fusion ; Vaporisation ; Application’ of Heat to 
Water; Superheated Steam. Chapter II.—Theoretical Heat Engine ; 
Cycle ; Thermodynamic Efficiency ; Perfect Gas Engine ; Perfect Steam 
Engine ; Theoretical Diagram of the Real Engine ; Clearance ; Efficiency 




The Slide Valve 

SIMPLY EXPLAINED. 

By W. J. TENNANT, Asso. M. Inst. Mech. E. 

The work has been thoroughly revised and enlarged 
in accordance with the present American Practice. 

By J. H. KINEALY, D. E„ M. Am. Soc. Mech. E. 


The work is based upon notes and diagrams which were prepared 
by Mr. Tennant in his lectures to his classes of working engineers 
and students towards the obtainment of clear general notions upon 
the Slide Valve, its design, varieties, adjustments and management. 
They have been revised and considerably added to and in this form 
the authors believe they will be of considerable value to all 
engineers and others interested in steam engines. 


CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS. 

I. The Simple Slide. 

II. The Eccentric a Crank. Special Model to give Quantitative 

Results. 

III. Advance of the Eccentric. 

IV. Dead Centre. Order of Cranks. Cushioning and Lead. 

V. Expansion—Inside and Outside Lap and Lead; Advance 

affected thereby. Compression. 

VI. Double-ported and Piston Valves. 

VII. The Effect of Alterations to Valve and Eccentric. 

VIII. Note on Link Motions. 

IX. Note on very early cut-off, and on Reversing Gears in 

general. 

The illustrations aim to cover the different kinds of Slide Valves* 
and the circular diagrams will prove a novel feature. 

88 Pages. 41 Illustrations 12mo. Cloth. $1.00 




THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL 


Ammonia Refrigeration. 

A Work of Reference for Engineers and others Employed in the Manage* 
ment of lee and Refrigeration Machinery. 

BY ILTYD I. REDWOOD, 

Assoc. Mem. Am. Soc. of M. E.; Mem. Soc. Chem. Indus. Eng. 

CONTEXTS. 

B. T. U. Mechanical Equivalent of a Unit of Heat. Specific Heat. Effect of Pres¬ 
sure on Specific Heat pf Ammonia Gas. Specific Heat of Air with Constant Pressure. 
Specific Heat of Air with Constant Volume. Latent Heat. Latent Heat of Liquefaction. 
Latent Heat of Vaporization. Latent Heat of Water. Absolute pressure. Absolute 
Temperature. Absolute Zero. Effect of Pressure on Volume of Gases. Theory of Re¬ 
frigeration. Freezing by Compressed Air. Freezing by Ammonia. Characteristics of 
Ammonia. Explosiveness. Tendency of the Gas to Rise. Solubility in Water. Action 
on Copper. 26° Ammonia. Anhydrous Ammonia. The Compressor. Stuffing-Boxes. 
Special Lubrication. Oil for Lubrication. Clearance Space, etc. Suction and Discharge 
Valves. Effect of Excessive Valve-Lift. Regulation of Valve-Lift. Separator, Conden¬ 
ser, Condenser-Worm, Receiver. Refrigerator or Brine Tank. Size of Pipe and Area of 
Cooling Surface. Expansion Valves. Working Details—Charging the Plant with Ammo¬ 
nia. Jacket-Water for Compressor. Jacket-Water for Separator. Quantity of Condens¬ 
ing Water Necessary. Loss due to Pleating of Condensed Ammonia. Superheating Am¬ 
monia Gas. Cause of Variation in Excess Pressure. Use of Condensing Pressure in De¬ 
termining Loss of Ammonia by Leakage. Cooling Directly by Ammonia. Brine. Freez¬ 
ing Point of Brine. Effect of Composition on Freezing Point. Effect of Strength on 
Freezing Point.* Suitableness of the Brine. Making Brine. Specific Heat of Brine. 
Regulation of Brine Temperature. Indirect Effect of Condensing Water on Brine Tem¬ 
perature. Directions for Determining Refrigerating Efficiency. Equivalent of a Ton of 
Ice, Compressor Measurement of Ammonia Circulated. Loss of Well-Jacketed Com- 
p-essors. Loss in Double Acting Compressors. Distribution of Mercury Wells. Exam¬ 
ination of Working Parts. Indicator Diagrams. Ammonia Figures—Effectual Displace¬ 
ment* Volume of Gas. Ammonia Circulated per Twenty-Four Hours. Refrigerating 
Efficiency. Brine Figures—Gallons Circulated. Pounds Circulated. Degrees Cooled. 
Total Degrees Extracted. Loss due to Heating of Ammonia Gas. Loss due to Heating 
of Liquid Ammonia. Calculation of the Maximum Capacity of a Machine. Preparation 
of Anhydrous Ammonia. Construction of Apparatus. Condenser-Worm. Why Still is 
Worked under Pressure. Best Test for Ammonia. Water from Separators. Lime for 
Dehydrator. Yield of Anhydrous from 26° Ammonia. Index. 

150 Pages, 15 Illustrations and 24 Pages of Tables, 

i2mo, Cloth, $1.00. 



JUST PUBLISHED. 


LUBRICANTS, 
OILS AND GREASES. 

TREATED THEORETICALLY AND GIVING PRACTICAL 
INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR 

COMPOSITION, USES AND MANUFACTURE. 

A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR MANUFACTURERS, ENGINEERS. 

AND USERS IN GENERAL OF LUBRICANTS. 

By ILTYD I. REDWOOD, 

Associate Member American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Member Society Chemical 
Industries (England); Author of ‘Theoretical and Practical Ammonia Refrigeration,’ 
and a ‘Practical Treatise on Mineral Oils and Their By-Products.’ 


CONTENTS. 


Introduction. —Lubricants. 

THEORETICAL. 

Chapter I.—Mineral Oils : American and Russian ; Hydrocarbons. 
Chapter II.—Fatty Oils : Glycerides ; Vegetable Oils ; Fish Oils. 
Chapter III—Mineral Lubricants : Graphite ; Plumbago. 
Chapter IV.—Greases : Compounded ; “Set ” or Axle ; “Boiled ” 
or Cup. 

Chapter V.—Tests of Oils: Mineral Oils. Tests of Oils: Fatty Oils 


MANUFACTURE. 

Oil Lubricants: Compounded Oils ; De- 


1 Set ” or Axle 


Chapter VI.—Mineral 
bloomed Oils. 

Chapter VII.—Greases: Compounded Greases ; 

Greases ; Boiled Greases; Engine Greases. 

Appendix.— The Action of Oils on Various Metals. Index. 

Tables : I —Viscosity and Specific Gravity. II.—Atomic Weights. 
Ill —Origin Tests, Etc. of Oils. IV.—Action of Oils on Metals. 

List op Plates : I —I. I. Redwood’s Improved Set Measuring 
Apparatus Il.-Section Grease Kettle. III.— Diagram o£ Action 
of Oils on Metals. ^ „ _ 

8vo. Cloth, $1.50- 




CROSS SECTION PAPER 


Scale EIGHT to ONE Incli. 

THE HANDY SKETCHING PAD. 

Printed on one side, in blue ink, all the lines being of equal thick¬ 
ness with useful tables. Size 8 x io inches. Price, 25c. each. Per 
dozen pads, $2.50. 

THE HANDY SKETCHING BOOK. 

Made from this paper but printed on both sides. Size of book 5x8 
inches, stiff board covers. Price, 25c. each; per dozen books, $2 50^ 


Scale EIGHT to ONE Ineli 

A large sheet with heavy inch lines and half inch lines, printed in 
blue ink. Size of sheet, 17 x 22 inches. Per quire (24 sheets;, 75c. 


Scale TEN to ONE Incli. 

Size 17 x 22 inches, printed in blue ink, with heavy inch lines and 
half inch lines. Per quire (24 sheets), 75c. 

The Electrician’s Sketching Book. 

Made from this paper. Scale ro to 1 inch. Size of book 5x8 inches, 
with stiff card board covers. Price, 25c. each; per dozen, $2.50. 

The Electrician’s Plotting Pad. 

Same paper, only printed on one side, size of pad, 8 x 10 inches, 
25c.; per dozen, $2 50. 

Any Books and Pads Assorted, per dozen, $2 50 . 

ANY QUANTITY MAILED TO ANY PART OF THE WORLD 
POST-PAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 

This paper is Printed from plates. Try it and you will find it 

GOOD, ACCURATE^ AND CHEAP. 


SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 

NEW YORK, U. S. A. 






MODEL ENGINEER Vol, 7. 


How to Become an Electrical Engineer. 

How to Make a Lever Switch. Illustrated. 

How to Hake a Model Battleship. Detail Drawing. 

How to riake an Air Compressor, for Driving Model Engines. Detail 
Drawings. 

* How to set a Simple Slide Valve. Illustrated. 

How to Make a Simple Model Steamer. Diagram. 

How to Make an Electrical Indicator. Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a Model Electric Launch. Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a Gramophone. Detail Drawings. 

Howto Test Sma 1 Engines and Boilers. Diagrams. 

How to Make Clock Work Locomotives Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a Model Vertical Marine Engine Detail Drawings 
How to ilake a Built-Up Horizontal Steam Engine. Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a 40=Ampere-Hour Accumulator. Illustrated.^ 

How to Make a Model Steam Travelling Crane. Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a 1 10 H. P. Electric Motor. Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a Small Lathe from “ Scrap.” illustrated. 

How to riake a Power Fretsaw Detail Drawings. 

How to Make a Spring Lathe Chuck Diagrams. 

Model “ Willians” Central Valve Engine. Detail Drawings. 

Two Simp ? e Forms of Resistance. Illustrated. , „ n 

The Motor Bicycle: Its Design, Construction and Use. Many Detail Draw- 

TheRating of Model Yachts. With Diagrams. . 

The Stuart Compound Vertical Engine. Complete Detail Drawings. 
Construction of Dug out Model Yachts. Detail Drawings. 

Construction of 1 2 H. P. Water Motor. Illustrated. 

Mr. Taylor’s Model Launch Engine. Illustrated ^ 

The Pitmaston-Moor-Green Model Railway, illustrated. 

Model Tank Locomotive. Detail Drawings. 

Mr Willis’ Model Steam Launch Illustrated. . 

Original Designs for 750-watt Direct Coupled High Speed Steam Engines. 

and Dynamos, with Full Details. 

A Four Inch Screw Cutting Lathe. Illustrated 

Detail Drawings for 80=watt Multipolar Dynamo. \ 

Design for 100 -watt Manchester Type Dynamo 

Model Electric Railway. “ Three Rail System,” with Diagrams. 

Models made without a Lathe. Some Notes on a Large Static Machine, 

The Castelli Coherer for Wireless Telegraphy. Illustrated. 

A Cheap Petrol Carburetter for Small Gas Engines Illustrated. 

A Water^Ref/ufati^KR^starlce for a .-in.to2.in. Spark CoH. Diagrams. 

A Carbon Electrolytic Interruptor Illustated. 

With many pages of Short Articles, Practical Letters, Notes, Questions and 
Answers, Book Notices, Yachting Notes, New Tools, Supplies, &c. , • 

286 pages, 311 Diagrams, 101 Half-Tones, 17 Full Single 
Page and Two Double Page Scale Drawings. Bound in Cloth, 


nice t $2.00, 

Copies Mailed to any part of the World on Receipt of 
»>ce 



PRICE TWENTY CENTS, FREE BY MAIL. 






B 


RY 


F CONGRESS 



0 033 266 355 e 0 



























































































